True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true
or false.
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1.
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The
slope of a position-time graph represents the velocity.
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2.
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An
object dropped from a window falls to the ground. The position-time graph representing the object's
motion would be a straight line.
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3.
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A car
accelerates uniformly when the traffic light turns green. The velocity-time graph representing the
car's motion would be a straight line.
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4.
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The
slope of the tangent to a point on a curve that is part of a position-time graph represents the
instantaneous velocity.
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5.
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The
area under a position-time graph represents the displacement.
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6.
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Consider a trip from your home to your school and back home again. The magnitude of
your displacement is equivalent to your distance travelled.
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7.
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The
valve on the tire of a bicycle that is travelling due west at a constant speed is exhibiting
"uniform motion."
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8.
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The
reason your head feels like it jerks backward when pulling away from a stop sign is best explained by
Newton's First Law.
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9.
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The
force that propels you forward as you walk across the floor is the force that is exerted by the floor
itself.
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10.
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A
child sits on a toboggan and slides down a hill with a particular acceleration. If another child
joins the first one on the toboggan, they will slide down the hill with the same
acceleration.
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11.
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If
the vector sum of all forces acting on an object is precisely zero, the object could still be
moving.
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12.
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If
the supporting cables of an elevator snapped and the elevator began falling, the passengers would
become trapped against the ceiling of the elevator provided there is no air resistance or friction in
the elevator shaft.
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13.
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Two
people pushing an object across a frictionless surface will result in twice the acceleration than if
only one person pushes. Assume the object slides in both cases and that both people push with the
same force.
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14.
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An
elevator moves vertically upward with a constant speed. The vector sum of all the forces acting on
the elevator is precisely zero.
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15.
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If
the Moon was twice the distance from Earth as it is now, the gravitational force of attraction
between the two bodies would be half as great.
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16.
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For
any pair of surfaces, the coefficient of static friction between the surfaces is less than the
corresponding coefficient of sliding friction.
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17.
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Work
is done when a net force is applied to an object over a certain distance.
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18.
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Negative work means the force applied is opposite to the direction of the
displacement.
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19.
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If a
Mary Ann is holding a 100-kg barbell above her head for 5 s and Kavitha holds the same 100-kg barbell
over her head for 10 s, then Kavitha has done twice the amount of work as Mary Ann.
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20.
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A car
with mass m moving with a speed of 4n has the same kinetic energy as a car of mass 16 m moving with
a speed of n.
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21.
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Power
is the rate of doing work.
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22.
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In a
transverse wave, the particles in the medium move in a direction perpendicular to the direction of
the wave.
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23.
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In a
longitudinal wave, the particles in the medium move in a direction perpendicular to the direction of
the wave.
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24.
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The
universal wave equation can be used to calculate the amplitude of a wave.
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25.
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Destructive interference in a longitudinal wave occurs when two compressions meet, or
act simultaneously on the same particles of a medium.
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26.
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The
nodal point of a standing wave forms due to the continuous destructive interference of two waves at
that point.
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27.
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Sound
can travel through a vacuum.
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28.
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In
humans with healthy hearing, the audible frequencies range from 20 Hz to 20 000 kHz.
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29.
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Increasing the amplitude of a sound wave also increases the pitch.
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30.
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Decreasing the density of a vibrating string will increase its
frequency.
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31.
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Resonating air columns that are closed at one end create a node at the open
end.
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32.
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Open
air columns (i.e., open at both ends) create resonant lengths which are  , and so on, of the original sound
wave.
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33.
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Objects viewed in water appear farther from the surface than they really
are.
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34.
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An
optically dense medium has a low index of refraction.
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35.
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Total
internal reflection occurs for any angle less than the critical angle.
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36.
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Nearsightedness is also known as myopia.
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37.
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Hyperopia is caused by loss of accommodation due to aging.
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38.
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A
diverging lens can only produce virtual images.
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39.
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A
virtual image is always upright.
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40.
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Farsightedness can be corrected with diverging lenses.
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41.
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Nearsightedness can be corrected with diverging lenses.
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42.
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The
image you view in a microscope is virtual.
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43.
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A
Galilean telescope uses two lenses, one converging and one diverging.
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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44.
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Which
of the following is a "scalar" quantity? a. | distance | d. | displacement | b. | velocity | e. | none of the above | c. | acceleration | | | | |
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45.
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The
term "uniform motion" means a. | acceleration is constant | d. | displacement is constant | b. | speed is
constant | e. | velocity is
zero | c. | velocity is
constant | | | | |
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46.
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An
80.4-km trip takes a time of 0.75 h to complete. The average speed, expressed in the correct manner,
is a. | 107.2
km/h | d. | 1 ´ 102
km/h | b. | 1.072
´ 102
km/h | e. | 1.1 ´ 102
km/h | c. | 29.8
m/s | | | | |
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47.
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Study
the position-time graph pictured below and select the statement that is
true.
a. | The object
accelerates, stops, then accelerates in the opposite direction. | b. | The object's
speed is greatest during the first segment. | c. | The object's
acceleration is greatest during the last segment. | d. | The object's
average velocity is zero. | e. | The object travels a greater distance in the first segment than
in the last segment. | | |
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48.
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The
position-time graph that depicts a ball thrown vertically upward that returns to the same position
is
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49.
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Which
of the following velocity-time graphs represents the motion of a ball thrown vertically
upward?
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50.
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A
cyclist rides a bicycle 4.0 km west, then 3.0 km north. What is the cyclist's
displacement? a. | 7.0 km
[37° N of W] | d. | 5.0 km
[37° W of N] | b. | 7.0 km [37° W of N] | e. | 1.0 km [37° W of N] | c. | 5.0 km
[37° N of W] | | | | |
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51.
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A
taxi cab drives 2.0 km [W], then 3.0 km [N], then 4.0 km [W], and finally 5.0 km [N]. The entire trip
takes 0.30 h. What is the taxi's average velocity? a. | 47 km/h
[53° W of N] | d. | 33 km/h
[53° W of N] | b. | 47 km/h [53° N of
W] | e. | 10 km/h
[53° W of N] | c. | 33 km/h [53° N of W] | | | | |
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52.
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Over
a period of 3.0 s a car's velocity changes from 18 m/s [W] to 12 m/s [W]. What is the value of the
car's acceleration during this time? a. | 2.0 m/s2 [E] | d. | 10 m/s2 [E] | b. | 10 m/s2
[W] | e. | 2.0 m/s
[E] | c. | 2.0 m/s2
[W] | | | | |
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53.
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If an
object accelerates at 6.2 m/s2 [N], how long will it take to reach a velocity of 25 m/s
[N] if starting from rest? a. | 25 s | d. | 0.25 s | b. | 4.0
m/s | e. | 4.0
s | c. | 31
s | | | | |
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54.
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An
object is thrown vertically upward at 25.0 m/s. If it experiences an acceleration due to gravity of
9.8 m/s2 [down], what is the object's velocity 3.0 s later? a. | 22 m/s
[down] | d. | 4 m/s
[down] | b. | 22 m/s [up] | e. | zero (it has hit the ground) | c. | 4 m/s
[up] | | | | |
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55.
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A
stone is thrown vertically downward with a speed of 10 m/s from a bridge. Accelerating under gravity
(9.8 m/s2), the stone strikes the water 1.8 s later. From what height above the water was
the stone thrown? (Assume 2 significant digits.) a. | 50 m | d. | 15 m | b. | 34 m | e. | 3 m | c. | 27 m | | | | |
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56.
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A
curling stone is pushed along the ice surface during its delivery. Which of the following free-body
diagrams best represents the curling stone?
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57.
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An
elevator is suspended by a cable and moves upward. Which of the following free-body diagrams best
represents the forces acting on the elevator?
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58.
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Study
the free-body diagram below and determine what additional force(s) would be required for the object
to achieve uniform motion.
a. | 1 N
[W] | d. | 2 N [S] and 1 N
[E] | b. | 1 N
[E] | e. | 2 N [S] and 1 N
[W] | c. | 2 N [N] and 1 N
[W] | | | | |
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59.
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The
free-body diagram below represents a 2000-kg elevator. What is the motion of the elevator if the
tension in the cable is 1.96 ´ 104 N? (Assume 3 significant
digits.)
a. | The elevator
might be accelerating upward. | b. | The elevator might be accelerating
downward. | c. | The elevator must be accelerating. | d. | The elevator
cannot be undergoing uniform motion. | e. | The elevator must not be
accelerating. | | |
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60.
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Which
of the following would Newton's first law alone NOT account for? a. | A rocket
accelerates upward from a launch pad and the engines' thrust overcomes
gravity. | b. | A passenger leans forward in her seat when the car's brakes are
applied. | c. | Passengers on board an elevator undergoing uniform motion can't
tell that the elevator is really moving. | d. | No matter how hard you push against it, the boulder would not
move. | e. | During launch, astronauts feel that they are being pushed back
into their seats. | | |
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61.
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A
heavy crate is pushed across a rough surface. The force that is ultimately responsible for the
crate's motion is the a. | applied force | d. | net force | b. | frictional
force | e. | normal
force | c. | gravitational force | | | | |
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62.
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A
hockey puck of mass 150 g is sliding south along the ice and slows at a rate of 1.2 m/s2.
What is the net force acting on the puck? a. | 1.8 ´ 102 N [N] | d. | 1.8 ´ 10-1 N [N] | b. | 1.8 ´ 102
N [S] | e. | 1.9 ´ 10-1
N [S] | c. | 1.8 ´ 101 N [N] | | | | |
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63.
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Newton's third law essentially states a. | objects won't
move unless pushed | b. | acceleration only occurs if there is net
force | c. | the acceleration of an object depends on its mass and the net
force acting on it | d. | objects which are moving tend to stay
moving | e. | forces always occur in pairs | | |
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64.
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Which
of the following observations would be adequately explained by Newton's third law? a. | When turning a
corner, a passenger in a car feels pushed against the door. | b. | One skater
pushes against another and both move off in opposite directions. | c. | The Earth is
held in orbit around the Sun by a gravitational force of attraction. | d. | The friction of
a surface causes a sliding object to come to rest. | e. | A car's tires
slip on an ice-covered surface. | | |
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65.
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A
rocket accelerates upward and the thrust of the engines overcome the frictional forces and the
gravity acting against the rocket. Which of Newton's laws of motion best explains this
situation? a. | Newton's first
law | b. | Newton's second
law | c. | Newton's third
law | d. | Newton's law of
universal gravitation | e. | All the laws combine to explain this
situation. | | |
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66.
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The
gravitational field strength of Earth a. | has a value of 9.8 N/kg [down] at all locations on its
surface | b. | is greater at the equator than at the
poles | c. | is smallest at the peak of Mount Everest, the highest
elevation | d. | is largest at the deepest spot on the ocean
floor | e. | is largest at the poles | | |
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67.
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If
you weighed 112 N on the Moon where g = 1.6 N/kg, how much would you weigh on
Earth? a. | 1.1 ´ 102
N | d. | 1.1 ´ 104
N | b. | 1.7 ´ 104
N | e. | 6.9 ´ 103
N | c. | 6.9 ´ 102
N | | | | |
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68.
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The
value of "g" at the surface of Mars is 3.7 N/kg. How much would a 60.0-kg person
weigh at an altitude above the Martian surface equivalent to the planet's radius? a. | 2.2 ´ 102
N | d. | 56
N | b. | 1.6 ´ 102
N | e. | 28
N | c. | 1.1 ´ 102
N | | | | |
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69.
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The
force of friction always acts in a direction exactly opposite to the a. | applied
force | d. | normal
force | b. | net force | e. | motion | c. | gravitational
force | | | | |
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70.
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Study
the force system diagram pictured below and select the factor which would NOT influence
the amount of kinetic friction.
a. | object's mass,
m | d. | applied force,
FA | b. | coefficient of kinetic friction, mK | e. | gravitational
field strength, g | c. | normal force, FN | | | | |
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71.
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A
bungee jumper is about to jump from a bridge and he hopes the elastic tied to his legs will not break
as he plummets downward. The type of energy at work when he is at the lowest point in his downward
drop is a. | gravitational
potential | d. | elastic
potential | b. | kinetic | e. | sound | c. | thermal | | | | |
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72.
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A boy
decides to ignite caps from a toy gun in the following manner: He uses a magnifying glass to focus
the sun's rays on a cap. It ignites with a loud bang. Which of the following energy transformations
best describes the situation? a. | sound ® chemical ® radiant | d. | sound ® radiant ® chemical | b. | radiant
® chemical
®
sound | e. | none of the
above | c. | chemical ® radiant ® sound | | | | |
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73.
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The
amount of work done to stop a bullet travelling through a tree trunk a distance of 50 cm with a force
of 2.00 ´ 102 N is a. | –4.00
´ 102
J | d. | –1.00
´ 102
J | b. | +4.00 ´ 102 J | e. | +1.00 ´ 104 J | c. | +1.00
´ 102
J | | | | |
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74.
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In
which case is positive work done? a. | The work done by air resistance on a ball as the ball, which
was initially at rest, falls 3.0 m down towards Earth. | b. | A eastward force
is applied to an eastward moving soccer ball that is already moving at a constant velocity to
increase its speed in that direction. | c. | Earth applies a force on the Moon as the Moon travels one
completion rotation in orbit around Earth. | d. | A cart is moving at a constant velocity of 10 m/s [W] when a
0.5 N [downward] force is applied. | e. | The work done by Earth on an arrow as it is fired 200 m
straight up into the air. | | |
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75.
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A
15-kg load of groceries is lifted up from the ground to the fifth floor of an apartment building.
Each floor is 5.00 m high. The potential energy of the groceries with respect to the second
floor is a. | 3.68
´ 103
J | d. | 2.20
´ 103
J | b. | 2.94
´ 103
J | e. | 3.0 ´ 100
J | c. | 7.5 ´ 101
J | | | | |
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76.
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A
roller coaster has two vertical loops one after the other. The roller coaster has a speed of 7.00 m/s
at the top of the first loop with a height of 22.2 m. It then proceeds around the second vertical
loop with a height of 15.0 m. What is the speed of the roller coaster at the top of the second
vertical loop? a. | 7.00
m/s | d. | 9.24
m/s | b. | 13.8
m/s | e. | 11.2
m/s | c. | 8.40
m/s | | | | |
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77.
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A
40.0-kg girl rides her 0.50-kg skateboard. She starts from rest and at a constant acceleration
reaches 3.0 m/s in 10 s on a horizontal surface. How much power did she use? a. | 6.1 ´ 101
W | d. | 1.3 ´ 100
W | b. | 1.2 ´ 103
W | e. | 1.8 ´ 101
W | c. | 6.1 ´ 100
W | | | | |
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78.
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The
amount of work an 118-W electric mower can do in 3.0 min is a. | 3.5 ´ 102
J | d. | 2.1 ´ 104
J | b. | 1.5 ´ 100
J | e. | 3.9 ´ 101
J | c. | 2.5 ´
10–2 J | | | | |
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79.
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The
period of a pendulum depends on which of the following? a. | amplitude of the
vibration | d. | density of the
bob | b. | mass of the
bob | e. | all of the
above | c. | length of the pendulum | | | | |
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80.
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The
speed of any mechanical wave as it propagates through a medium is dependent mainly on
the a. | frequency of the
wave source | b. | wavelength | c. | period of the
wave | d. | type of medium
through which the wave travels | e. | amplitude | | |
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81.
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The
shortest time interval in which a wave motion completely repeats itself (i.e., makes one complete
vibration or oscillation) is called the a. | amplitude | d. | frequency | b. | period | e. | speed | c. | wavelength | | | | |
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82.
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A bob
on a vertical spring bounces up and down to produce a longitudinal wave in the spring. If the
distance in height between the bob's highest and lowest position is 12 cm, what is the amplitude of
the generated wave? a. | 3.0 cm | d. | 24 cm | b. | 6.0
cm | e. | 48
cm | c. | 12
cm | | | | |
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83.
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An
object completes 240 cycles in 15 s. What is its frequency, in hertz? a. | 16
Hz | d. | 15
Hz | b. | 0.063
Hz | e. | 3600
Hz | c. | 240
Hz | | | | |
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84.
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Consider the following wave properties:
(i) | speed | (ii) | frequency | (iii) | wavelength | (iv) | period | | |
Which of the
above quantities does not change as a wave changes mediums? a. | (i)
only | d. | (i) and (iv)
only | b. | (ii)
only | e. | (ii) and (iv)
only | c. | (i) and (iii)
only | | | | |
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85.
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The
universal wave equation,  , applies to which of the following wave types? a. | water | d. | light | b. | sound | e. | all of the above | c. | radio
waves | | | | |
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86.
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A
sound wave with a frequency of 256 Hz, travelling at 340 m/s has a wavelength of a. | 1.33
cm | d. | 1.33
m | b. | 0.75
m | e. | 87
km | c. | 0.75
cm | | | | |
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87.
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A
guitar string produces a musical note with a wavelength of 75 cm. If the speed of sound in air is 344
m/s, what is the frequency of the note? a. | 460 Hz | d. | 4.6 Hz | b. | 0.22
Hz | e. | 26
kHz | c. | 22
Hz | | | | |
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88.
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Waves
can bend as they travel through small openings or past corners. This is due to the property
called a. | diffraction | d. | resonance | b. | refraction | e. | interference | c. | reflection | | | | |
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89.
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Waves
can bend as they change speeds when travelling through different mediums. This is due to a property
called a. | diffraction | d. | resonance | b. | refraction | e. | interference | c. | reflection | | | | |
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90.
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Which
of the following situations is a result of resonance? a. | Hydro wires
"hum" as a mild breeze blows over them. | b. | A child pushes
herself on a swing by moving her legs back and forth appropriately. | c. | Windows in your
house rattle as a large truck drives by. | d. | Buildings begin to sway when an earthquake
occurs. | e. | all of the above | | |
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91.
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What
is the wavelength of the standing wave shown below?
a. | 16
m | d. | 2.0
m | b. | 8.0
m | e. | 1.0
m | c. | 4.0
m | | | | |
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92.
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Which
wave property most affects the intensity or loudness of sound? a. | reflection | d. | amplitude | b. | complexity | e. | speed | c. | frequency | | | | |
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93.
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Which
of the following frequencies is ultrasonic? a. | 12 Hz | d. | 5000 Hz | b. | 25
Hz | e. | 25 000
Hz | c. | 332
Hz | | | | |
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94.
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When
two trumpets are played together, 20 beats are heard in 4.0 s. If the frequency of the lower pitched
trumpet is 440 Hz, what is the frequency of the higher pitched trumpet? a. | 460
Hz | d. | 520
Hz | b. | 444
Hz | e. | 456
Hz | c. | 445
Hz | | | | |
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95.
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An
ambulance is approaching a stationary observer. For the observer, the apparent frequency of the siren
compared to the actual frequency of the siren a. | increases or decreases depending on the speed of the
ambulance | b. | resonates | c. | decreases | d. | stays the
same | e. | increases | | |
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96.
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One
sound source has an intensity of 40 dB, while another has an intensity of 70 dB. The intensity of
these two differs by a factor of a. | 3 | d. | 2800 | b. | 30 | e. | 1030 | c. | 1000 | | | | |
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97.
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What
is the main function of the middle ear? a. | collect the sound from the
environment | b. | convert the signal to mechanical
vibrations | c. | convert the signal to neural impulses | d. | transmit and
amplify the sound | e. | maintain balance and orientation | | |
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98.
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What
is the main function of the outer ear? a. | collect the sound from the
environment | b. | convert the signal to mechanical
vibrations | c. | convert the signal to neural impulses | d. | transmit and
amplify the sound | e. | maintain balance and orientation | | |
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99.
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Mach
number represents a. | the intensity
level of a sound measured in decibels | b. | the speed of sound at a given
temperature | c. | the ratio of an object's speed to the speed of sound in air at
that location | d. | the highest sound frequency that a person can
hear | e. | the lowest sound
frequency that a person can hear | | |
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100.
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A marine
biologist sends a signal into a lake from the surface. The sound strikes a school of fish and the
echo returns to the biologist 0.020 s after the original signal is sent. If the speed of sound in
water at the time was 1500 m/s, then the depth at which the fish are located is
approximately a. | 75
km | d. | 15
m | b. | 150
km | e. | 150
m | c. | 30
m | | | | |
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101.
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For every
10ºC increase in air temperature, the speed of sound in the air a. | decreases by 10
m/s | d. | increases by 6.0
m/s | b. | increases by 10
m/s | e. | remains relatively
unchanged | c. | decreases by 6.0 m/s | | | | |
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102.
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The
frequency produced by a vibrating string is 400 Hz. What will its frequency be if its length is
doubled? a. | 100
Hz | d. | 800
Hz | b. | 200
Hz | e. | 1600
Hz | c. | 400
Hz | | | | |
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103.
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What is the
frequency of a note that is four octaves lower than 880 Hz? a. | 55
Hz | d. | 440
Hz | b. | 110
Hz | e. | 880
Hz | c. | 220
Hz | | | | |
|
|
|
104.
|
If the third
harmonic of a standing wave in a vibrating string is 600 Hz, what is the fundamental
frequency? a. | 150
Hz | d. | 1200
Hz | b. | 200
Hz | e. | 1800
Hz | c. | 300
Hz | | | | |
|
|
|
105.
|
When
standing waves are formed on a string fastened at both ends, how many nodes should be present in the
third overtone? a. | one | d. | four | b. | two | e. | five | c. | three | | | | |
|
|
|
106.
|
A standing
wave with a fundamental mode wavelength of 60 cm forms in an air column open at both ends. How long
is the column for the fundamental mode? a. | 15 cm | d. | 60 cm | b. | 30
cm | e. | 90
cm | c. | 45
cm | | | | |
|
|
|
107.
|
Which
of the following is not considered a resonator for the human voice? a. | lungs | d. | mouth | b. | throat | e. | nasal cavity | c. | pharynx | | | | |
|
|
|
108.
|
An
student is located 1.8 m from a plane mirror. How far is the image from the student? a. | 0
m | d. | 2.7
m | b. | 0.9
m | e. | 3.6
m | c. | 1.8
m | | | | |
|
|
|
109.
|
A
light ray has an angle of incidence of 34º. The reflected ray will make what angle with the
reflecting surface?
|
|
|
110.
|
The
critical angle for diamond (n = 2.42) submerged in water (n = 1.33) is a. | 33° | d. | 24° | b. | not defined (does not exist) | e. | 17° | c. | 49° | | | | |
|
|
|
111.
|
Calculate the index of refraction for an object in which light travels at  m/s. a. | 1.52
´ 108
m/s | d. | 1.95 | b. | 0.66 m/s | e. | 1.52 | c. | 1.52 m/s | | | | |
|
|
|
112.
|
Light
passes from alcohol (n = 1.36) into glass (n = 1.52). If the angle of refraction is
32°, the angle of
incidence is a. | 47° | d. | 36° | b. | 41° | e. | 28° | c. | 63° | | | | |
|
|
|
113.
|
Total
internal reflection takes place at the surface between air and glass when a. | the angle of
incidence is zero | b. | the angle of incidence equals the angle of
refraction | c. | the light is travelling in air toward
glass | d. | the angle of incidence is greater than the critical
angle | e. | the angle of incidence is less than the critical
angle | | |
|
|
|
114.
|
A
stick looks bent in water because a. | the light is refracted at the surface of the
water | b. | the stick is really bent | c. | it is an optical
illusion caused by the moving water | d. | of the shimmering effect | e. | it is a
mirage | | |
|
|
|
115.
|
Light
travels from medium X into medium Y. Medium Y has a higher index of refraction. Consider each
statement below:
(i) | The light travels faster in X. | (ii) | The light will bend towards the
normal. | (iii) | The light will
speed up. | (iv) | The light will
bend away from the normal. | | |
Which statement(s) is/are true? a. | (ii) | d. | (i) and
(ii) | b. | (iii) and
(iv) | e. | (ii), (iii), and
(iv) | c. | (i) | | | | |
|
|
|
116.
|
For a
converging lens, a light ray that is travelling parallel to the principal axis
refracts a. | through the
principal focus | d. | parallel to the
principal axis | b. | through the secondary focus | e. | in line with the principal focus | c. | through the
optical centre | | | | |
|
|
|
117.
|
For a
diverging lens, a light ray that is aimed towards the secondary principal focus
refracts a. | through the
principal focus | d. | parallel to the
principal axis | b. | through the secondary focus | e. | in line with the principal focus | c. | through the
optical centre | | | | |
|
|
|
118.
|
A
object is placed farther away from the lens than 2f for a converging lens. The image will be
located a. | between the lens
and f | b. | between f and 2f | c. | farther than
2f | d. | B or C | e. | There is
insufficient information to answer the question. | | |
|
|
|
119.
|
A
object is placed farther from the lens than 2f for a diverging lens. The image will be
located a. | between the lens
and f | b. | between f and 2f | c. | farther than
2f | d. | A or B | e. | There is
insufficient information to answer the question. | | |
|
|
|
120.
|
A
converging lens of focal length 18 cm has a real image formed 21 cm away from it. The object distance
is a. | –9.7
cm | d. | 39
cm | b. | 3.0
cm | e. | 126
cm | c. | 9.7
cm | | | | |
|
|
|
121.
|
A
converging lens has an object placed 13 cm away from it and it magnifies the image 1.6 times. The
image distance is a. | –15
cm | d. | –21
cm | b. | 21
cm | e. | 8.1
cm | c. | –8.1
cm | | | | |
|
|
|
122.
|
A
diverging lens has an object placed 15 cm away from it and it produces an image 8.3 cm from the lens.
The magnification is a. | 0.55 | d. | –1.8 | b. | 1.8
| e. | –0.55 | c. | 23 | | | | |
|
|
|
123.
|
The
condition shown in the diagram is most likely
a. | hyperopia | d. | myopia | b. | presbyopia | e. | glaucoma | c. | astigmatism | | | | |
|
|
|
124.
|
Compared to the first image produced in a microscope, the final image viewed
is a. | real and
inverted | d. | virtual and
upright | b. | real and upright | e. | more than one of these | c. | virtual and
inverted | | | | |
|
|
|
125.
|
What
are the image characteristics of the final image produced by a Galilean telescope? a. | real, upright,
and larger | d. | virtual,
inverted, and smaller | b. | virtual, upright, and larger | e. | real, upright, and smaller | c. | real, inverted,
and smaller | | | | |
|
|
|
126.
|
The
part of the eye that is similar to the film in a camera is the a. | pupil | d. | cornea | b. | iris | e. | retina | c. | optic
nerve | | | | |
|
|
|
127.
|
The
part of the eye that is similar to the lens of a camera is the a. | pupil | d. | cornea | b. | iris | e. | retina | c. | optic
nerve | | | | |
|
Completion
Complete each sentence or
statement.
|
|
|
128.
|
Plane
A flies from Paris to New York, while plane B makes the same trip via London. Assume that the total
time taken for both planes is the same. Considering the two trips, both planes have the same average
____________________ but different average ____________________.
|
|
|
129.
|
An
object that travels ever-increasing distances in successive equal time intervals is undergoing
____________________.
|
|
|
130.
|
The
property of matter that resists a change in an object's motion is called
____________________.
|
|
|
131.
|
A
stone tied to the end of a string is twirled around in a circle. If the strings breaks, the stone
will initially move along a tangent to the circle. This is best explained by Newton's
____________________ law.
|
|
|
132.
|
According to Newton's second law, the acceleration of an object is directly
proportional to the ____________________ and inversely proportional to the
____________________.
|
|
|
133.
|
It is
evident from experience that it is more difficult to get a heavy object sliding than it is to keep it
sliding. This is because the coefficient of ____________________ friction is greater than the
coefficient of ____________________ friction.
|
|
|
134.
|
A
roller coaster is pulled up a hill for its first drop. At the top of the hill the roller coaster has
_________________________ energy.
|
|
|
135.
|
A
bowling ball is rolling down an alley. It has ____________________ energy.
|
|
|
136.
|
____________________ work is when the force applied to an object is perpendicular to
the object's motion.
|
|
|
137.
|
Power
and work are ____________________ proportional to one another.
|
|
|
138.
|
_________________________ occurs when a vibration or oscillation is repeated in equal
intervals of time.
|
|
|
139.
|
The
number of cycles, oscillations, or vibrations an object makes in one second is called the object's
____________________.
|
|
|
140.
|
The
____________________ of a vibration is the amount of time taken to make one complete
oscillation.
|
|
|
141.
|
A(n)
____________________ is the part of a longitudinal wave in which the particles are closer together
than when they are at rest.
|
|
|
142.
|
A(n)
_________________________ can be created when two students, standing at opposite ends of a rope,
generate waves of equal frequency and amplitude.
|
|
|
143.
|
The
____________________ of a wave is measured from the medium's rest position to its maximum
displacement on either side.
|
|
|
144.
|
A
region of relative "emptiness" in a longitudinal wave is called a(n)
____________________.
|
|
|
145.
|
Frequencies less than 20 Hz are called ____________________.
|
|
|
146.
|
Sound
is a(n) ____________________ wave.
|
|
|
147.
|
An
aircraft generates a(n) ____________________ when it breaks the sound barrier.
|
|
|
148.
|
The
_________________________ is the lowest natural frequency that a vibrating string or air column can
produce.
|
|
|
149.
|
The
fastest light can travel is in a ____________________.
|
|
|
150.
|
The
spreading apart of the colours of light by a prism is called ____________________.
|
|
|
151.
|
The
higher the index of refraction, the ____________________ the speed of light.
|
|
|
152.
|
A
____________________ lens causes parallel light rays to spread apart.
|
|
|
153.
|
A
____________________ lens is used to correct hyperopia.
|
Matching
|
|
|
Study the velocity-time graph pictured below and match each segment of the graph
with the description of its motion at that time.
a. | segment
A | d. | segment
D | b. | segment
B | e. | segment
E | c. | segment
C | | | | |
|
|
|
154.
|
The
object is motionless during this segment.
|
|
|
155.
|
The
object is moving with constant velocity during this segment.
|
|
|
156.
|
The
object travels the greatest distance during this segment.
|
|
|
157.
|
The
object is experiencing non-uniform acceleration during this segment.
|
|
|
158.
|
The
object is travelling north but accelerating south during this segment.
|
|
|
Match each type of force with its description. a. | normal
force | c. | frictional
force | b. | gravitational force | d. | net force | | | | |
|
|
|
159.
|
This
force is always perpendicular to the supporting surface.
|
|
|
160.
|
This
force results from cohesive forces among particles in close proximity.
|
|
|
161.
|
This
force is ultimately responsible for the object's acceleration.
|
|
|
162.
|
This
force is exerted by all masses.
|
|
|
Match each of Newton's laws to the situation which they best
describe. a. | Newton's first
law | c. | Newton's third
law | b. | Newton's second
law | d. | Law of universal
gravitation | | | | |
|
|
|
163.
|
The
force that the Earth exerts on a group of astronauts gets progressively weaker as their rocket rises
vertically upward.
|
|
|
164.
|
At
all times the astronauts exert as much force on the Earth as the Earth exerts on them.
|
|
|
165.
|
The
rocket accelerates upward and the engines' combined thrust overcomes gravity.
|
|
|
166.
|
Astronauts feel as though they're being pushed back into their seats during
launch.
|
|
|
Match the following words to the most appropriate statement below. Note that not
all words will be matched. a. | cycle | h. | transverse vibration | b. | antinodal
point | i. | diffraction | c. | refraction | j. | fixed-end reflection | d. | longitudinal
vibration | k. | supercrest | e. | crest | l. | free-end reflection | f. | rarefaction | m. | torsional
vibration | g. | nodal point | | | | |
|
|
|
167.
|
occurs when an object vibrates perpendicularly to its axis
|
|
|
168.
|
point
of destructive interference that remains at rest
|
|
|
169.
|
region in a longitudinal wave where particles are farther apart than
normal
|
|
|
170.
|
bending of a wave due to changing speeds (or mediums)
|
|
|
171.
|
occurs when an object twists around its axis
|
|
|
172.
|
reflection from a rigid end in which the pulse is inverted
|
|
|
173.
|
one
complete vibration, oscillation, or back and forth motion
|
|
|
174.
|
interference that results when crest meets crest
|
|
|
Match the following words to the most appropriate statement below. Note that not
all words will be matched. a. | ultrasonic | g. | eardrum | b. | infrasonic | h. | stirrup | c. | supersonic | i. | cochlea | d. | pitch | j. | auditory
nerve | e. | loudness | k. | Eustachian tube | f. | decibel | l. | semicircular
canals | | | | |
|
|
|
175.
|
term
used to describe the frequency or tone of sound
|
|
|
176.
|
snail-shaped, fluid-filled organ that converts mechanical vibrations to electric
impulses
|
|
|
177.
|
hard,
fluid-filled structure used for maintaining balance
|
|
|
178.
|
frequencies above 20 kHz
|
|
|
179.
|
thin
membrane that separates the outer and middle ear
|
|
|
180.
|
speeds that are greater than the speed of sound for the given conditions
|
|
|
181.
|
logarithmic scale used to measure the intensity of sound
|
|
|
182.
|
transmits electric nerve impulses to the brain
|
|
|
Match each letter to the proper description for a light ray travelling from air
into glass.
|
|
|
183.
|
angle
of incidence
|
|
|
184.
|
refracted ray
|
|
|
185.
|
angle
of reflection
|
|
|
186.
|
normal
|
|
|
187.
|
reflected ray
|
|
|
188.
|
angle
of refraction
|
|
|
189.
|
incident ray
|
|
|
Match the part of the eye with its description or function. a. | iris | f. | retina | b. | pupil | g. | optic nerve | c. | lens | h. | vitreous
humour | d. | cornea | i. | aqueous humour | e. | ciliary
muscles | | | | |
|
|
|
190.
|
controls the amount of light entering the eye
|
|
|
191.
|
changes of shape of the lens
|
|
|
192.
|
responsible for most of the refraction of light
|
|
|
193.
|
clear
jelly-like substance
|
|
|
194.
|
contains cone cells and rod cells
|
|
|
195.
|
pathway along which the signal travels to the brain
|
Problem
|
|
|
196.
|
An
impatient motorist considers speeding as he travels between two cities. If the trip normally takes
2.8 h at an average speed of 100.0 km/h, how much time will be saved if he exceeds the speed limit by
10.0 km/h?
|
|
|
197.
|
A
driver is travelling at 25 m/s when she spots a sign that reads "BRIDGE OUT AHEAD." It
takes her 1.0 s to react and begin braking. The car slows down at a rate of 3.0 m/s2.
Luckily, she stops 5.0 m short of the washed-out bridge.
(a) How much time was required to
stop the car once the brakes were applied?
(b) How far was the driver from
the bridge when she first noticed the sign?
|
|
|
198.
|
A box
accidentally falls from the back of a truck and hits the ground with a speed of 15 m/s. It slides
along the ground for a distance of 45 m before coming to rest. Determine
(a) the length of time the box
slides before stopping
(b) the average acceleration of the box while it's
sliding
(c) the time it takes to slide the last 10
m
|
|
|
199.
|
A
bowling ball of mass 2.0 kg strikes a stationary pin of mass 5.00 ´ 102
g. The collision lasts for 0.60 s after which the pin moves off with a velocity of 12.0 m/s [W].
Calculate
(a) the acceleration of the pin during the
collision
(b) the force exerted by the bowling ball on the
pin
(c) the acceleration of the bowling ball during the
collision
|
|
|
200.
|
A
2.0-kg object is sliding across a smooth surface at 4.0 m/s when it collides with a stationary 3.0-kg
object. The collision lasts for 0.80 s after which the smaller object has slowed to a speed of 1.0
m/s. Using the diagram below,
(a) Determine the acceleration of the smaller
object.
(b) Determine the force that the smaller object exerts
on the larger one.
(c) Determine the speed of the larger object immediately
following the collision.
|
|
|
201.
|
If
6.8 N of force are exerted horizontally on a 1.1-kg object and 2.4 N of friction are impeding its
slide, what is the object's acceleration? Draw a free-body diagram.
|
|
|
202.
|
A
force of 1.2 N is applied to an object of mass 1.5 kg. It accelerates at 0.50 m/s2.
Determine the force of friction that is acting and the coefficient of kinetic friction
involved.
|
|
|
203.
|
A box
of mass 4.5 kg is pushed across a rough surface (mK = 0.18) for a distance of 2.0 m by a constant
force of 10 N. If the object reaches a speed of 2.0 m/s by the end of the push, what was its speed at
the beginning of the push? (Assume 2 significant digits.)
|
|
|
204.
|
An
object of mass 40.0 kg rests on the surface of a planet with a mass of 8.2 ´ 1022
kg and radius 3.6 ´
105 m.
(a) Calculate the force of
gravity acting on the object.
(b) Determine the gravitational field strength
"g" at the planet's surface.
(c) Calculate the force of
gravity acting on the object if it is placed at a position 6.4 ´ 105
m above the planet's surface.
|
|
|
205.
|
A
air-hockey paddle hits a 48.0 g stationary puck with a force of 12.0 N. The puck travels 50 cm on the
frictionless surface while the force is applied to the puck. Calculate the final speed of the mass at
the end of the 50 cm.
|
|
|
206.
|
A
string hangs over a frictionless pulley as shown in the diagram below. A 1.0-kg mass hangs on one
side of the pulley and a 2.5-kg mass hangs on the other side. Both masses are initially at rest.
Calculate the speed of each mass when the 2.5-kg mass has fallen 1.0 m from the rest position. Let
positive (+) represent upward.
|
|
|
207.
|
An
elevator motor provides 45.0 kW of power while lifting a 2000-kg elevator 35.0 m. If the elevator
contains six passengers of the same mass and it takes 20.0 s to accomplish this task, determine the
mass of each passenger.
|
|
|
208.
|
The
distance between two successive crests in a wave is 1.5 m, and the source generates 25 crests and 25
troughs in 5.0 s. What is the speed of the waves?
|
|
|
209.
|
A
standing wave is created in a string of length 12.5 m. If the waves travel at 5.0 m/s with a
frequency of 2.0 Hz, how many loops are present in the string?
|
|
|
210.
|
A
student performs a lab using an ultrasonic probe to measure the distance to a wall located some
distance away. If the air temperature is 25ºC and the sound signal returns 3.0 s after it was
sent, how far away is the wall?
|
|
|
211.
|
An air
column closed at on end, with a length of 25.3 cm, resonates in the first overtone. If the frequency
of the sound wave is 1024 Hz, find the air temperature inside the column. Include a
diagram.
|
|
|
212.
|
Certain pipe organs can act like air columns that are open at both ends. If the speed
of sound is 343 m/s, how long must a pipe be to produce a frequency of 25 Hz (the lower hearing range
of most adults)?
|
|
|
213.
|
Calculate the angle of incidence in air if the angle of refraction in the glass is
32º.
|
|
|
214.
|
Complete the ray diagram below to locate the image and list the four image
characteristics.
|
|
|
215.
|
A
flower is placed 30 cm in front of a diverging lens of focal length 20 cm. Calculate the
magnification of the image.
|
|
|
216.
|
A
photograph negative is enlarged using a converging lens. If the print is to be 20.0 times larger than
the negative, how far from the lens should the negative be placed? The lens has a focal length of
15.0 cm.
|