BIOLOGY

APPLEWOOD HEIGHTS SECONDARY SCHOOL

JANUARY FINAL EXAMINATION 1997

Course: SBI 3A0 Course Name: Biology Teacher(s): (circle your teacher's name) Ms. Bilic Ms. Reiss Ms. Tan Number of Pages:10

Date: January 28, 1997 Start Time: 12:45 Finish Time: 2:15 Length of Examination: 1.5 h Foolscap Required: YES

Format Of Examination

Part Marks

Part A - Multiple Choice 25

Part B - Completion 8

Part C - Matching 10

Part D - Diagrams 10

Part E - Short Essay and Problems 46

Part F - Sight Passage 7

107 TOTAL MARKS

PART A MULTIPLE CHOICE (25 marks)

INSTRUCTIONS: Select the letter of the response that best completes the statement or answers the question asked. In each case there is only ONE correct choice. Print the LETTER that corresponds to this choice in the space provided on the multiple choice section of the ANSWER SHEET attached at the back.

1. Which of the following statements about the cell membrane is FALSE?

a) An intact cell membrane is essential to the life of the cell.
b) The cell membrane is composed of phospholipids and protein.
c) The cell membrane does not participate in chemical reactions.
d) The cell membrane is selectively permeable.
e) The cell membrane is found on the outside of animal cells and inside the cell wall of plant cells.

2. Packaging of proteins for secretion is a task carried out by:

a) ribosomes b) mitochondria c) centrioles d) golgi bodies e) chloroplasts

3. Numerous channels within the cytoplasm of a cell appear to be formed by a membranous network called the:

a) endoplasmic reticulum
b) ion pump
c) Golgi apparatus
d) nuclear membrane
e) microtubules

4. Once solid material is taken into a vacuole, which of the following statements best describes what happens?

a) A lysosome combines with a vacuole and digests the enclosed solid material.
b) A ribosome enters the vacuole and uses the amino acids in the "invader" to form new protein.
c) Oxygen enters the vacuole and " burns" the enclosed solid material.
d) The vacuole remains separated from the cytoplasm and the solid material persists unchanged.
e) Mobile, hairlike projections within the cytoplasm wrap around the surface of the vacuole
and draw it into the endoplasmic reticulum.

5. Which of the following does NOT have a role in the production of protein?

a) golgi bodies
b) ribosomes
c) rough endoplasmic reticulum
d) mitochondria
e) DNA

6. Unicellular organisms that have a nucleoid bundle of genetic material, no membrane bound organelles, and possess ribosomes and a cell wall are known as:

a) sclerenchyma cells.
b) parenchyma cells.
c) prokaryotic cells.
d) eukaryotic cells.
e) karyotic cells.

7. Which sequence of the following represent increasingly complex levels of organization?

1. organ 2. organism 3. cell 4. system 5. tissue

a) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
b) 3, 5, 4, 1, 2
c) 2, 4, 5, 1, 3
d) 2, 4, 1, 5, 3
e) 3, 5, 1, 4, 2

8. Diffusion across a living membrane against a concentration gradient and requiring the use of energy is known as:

a) plasmolysis b) facilitated transport c) capillary action d) active transport e) passive transport

9. A hypertonic solution is one that contains:

a) the same concentration of solvent as the cell.

b) a lesser concentration of solute than the cell

c) a greater concentration of solvent than the cell.

d) a greater concentration of solute than the cell.

e) both B and C.

For questions 10 to 12, identify the descriptions of events in mitosis using the following key:

A. Metaphase

B. Telophase

C. Prophase

D. Interphase

E. Anaphase

10. Microtubules shorten and pull chromosomes toward centrioles.

11. Chromatin forms chromosomes; nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear.

12. Chromosomes become arranged midway between centrioles.

13. Choose the correct statement about the process of meiosis:

a) Meiosis only occurs in somatic (body) cells.

b) Crossing-over may occur between homologous chromosomes during prophase of the first

division.

c) Each daughter cell has the same number of chromosomes, 2n, as the parent cell.

d) Replication of chromosomes takes place between the first and second divisions.

e) Four daughter cells are produced by the first division.

14. What DNA strand would form next to a polynucleotide sequence: cytosine-adenine-thymine?

a) GCA

b) CAT

c) TGC

d) TAC

e) GTA

15. In sorghum plants, red stem is dominant over green stem. One thousand seeds from a sorghum plant germinated to produce 760 red stem plants and 240 green stem plants. What are the parental genotypes in this situation?

a) Rr x Rr

b) RR x rr

c) Rr x rr

d) RR x RR

e) Rr x RR

16. Crosses between certain white - and red-flowered plants result in pink-flowered offspring. When these offspring are crossed, the ratio of plants expected is:

a) all pink

b) all red

c) all white

d) 1 red to 1 white

e) 1 white to 2 pink to 1 red

17. Which of the following is not true about sex­linked traits?

a) Most sex-linked traits are determined by genes found on the "X"chromosome

b) The "X" DNA. is larger than the "Y" DNA

c) If a woman is a carrier for a disease, her sons will have a 100% chance of receiving

the defective gene

d) Colour­blindness is a sex­linked disorder

e) All of the above are true

18. The pistil of a flower can be best classified as:

a) a cell

b) a tissue

c) an organelle

d) an organ

e) an organ system

19. A boy's initials were carved in a tree one metre above the ground and 12 years later were found at the same height. This indicates that:

a) meristem was damaged and therefore prevented any vertical growth.

b) once plant cells are formed they do not change.

c) if necessary, mature tissue can develop into new organs.

d) tissue involved in vertical growth is found at the tips of roots and stems.

e) the tree hadn't grown in the intervening 12 years.

20. Cells which actively divide in the growing regions of the plant are termed:

a) epidermal cells

b) collenchyma cells

c) vascular cells

d) sclerenchyma cells

e) meristematic cells

21. Which specialized cells in the leaf help to minimize water loss in some plants?

a) guard cells

b) stomates

c) cells in the spongy layer

d) cells in the palisade

22. Sugars and other nutrients are transported as needed through the

a) sieve cells of phloem

b) vessels of xylem

c) companion cells of phloem

d) tracheids of xylem

e) none of the above

23. The cotyledon of a seed is:

a) a protective covering around the emerging shoot

b) a modified leaf that provides food for the developing embryo

c) a tough fibrous coating surrounding the seed

d) the primary root

e) the stem

24. The factor that is not critical to seed germination is:

a) water

b) light

c) oxygen

d) temperature

e) all of the above

25. A plant movement that occurs in response to gravity is termed a:

a) hydrotropism

b) phototropism

c) photoperiodism

d) geotropism

e) nastic movement

PART B: COMPLETION ( 8 marks)

INSTRUCTIONS: Complete each of the following statements with the correct biological term or phrase. Write your answers in the space provided on the ANSWER SHEET.

The ability of a microscope to enlarge images is called it's ________(1)_________. The ability to produce a clear, sharp image is called its ________(2)_________.

In eukaryotes, the organelle responsible for the capture of light energy for food manufacture is ________(3)_________ . Whereas the ________(4)_________ are responsible for the oxidation of food to release energy for cell processes.

________(5)_________ and ________(6)_________are part of the cytoskeleton, the framework of the cell that provides its shape and regulates movement of organelles.

The process that allows the movement of substances (e.g., gases, ions, molecules) from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration until equilibrium has been achieved is called ________(7)_________.

The primary energy carrying molecule in the body is ________(8)_________.

PART C: MATCHING (Value 10 marks, 1/2 marks each)

INSTRUCTIONS: Match each item Column A with the best corresponding item in Column B. Write the letter from Column B in the space provided on the ANSWER SHEET. Use each letter once only.

Genetic Continuity

COLUMN A	COLUMN B
1.Two different genes on two homologous chromosomes	a) polyploid
2. A unit of heredity, a location on a DNA molecule responsible for a specific characteristic.	b) heterozygous
3. A change in a chromosome producing a new inheritable characteristic	c) codominant
4. Blood Type O	d)phenotype
5. The appearance or presence of a trait in an organism.	e)genotype
6. The heterozygous form shows complete expression of both alleles involved.	f) Universal Donor
7. An individual with a multiple number of the normal set of chromosomes.	g) Universal Recipient
8. A single set of chromosomes such as are found in gametes	h) allele
9. Cross between an organism of unknown genotype and an organism that is homozygous recessive .	i) mutation
10. Alternate forms of a gene	j) gene
	k) haploid
	l) diploid
	m) test cross

Vascular Plants

COLUMN A	COLUMN B
11. protects a woody stem	a) meristem
12. covers plant epidermis	b) phloem
13. regulation of H20	c) epidermis
14. growth region	d) parenchyma
15. carries water and minerals	e) cuticle
16. produces cork	f) palisade mesophyll
17. stores food	g) bark
18. produces vascular tissue	h) sclerenchyma
19. conducts carbohydrates	i) vascular cambium
20. protects underlying tissue	j) xylem
	k) guard cells
	l) cork cambium

PART D : DIAGRAMS (Value 10 marks; 1/2 march each)

INSTRUCTIONS: Identify the numbered structures in the following diagrams. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the ANSWER SHEET.

Diagram A: A Generalized Animal Cell

Diagram B: A longitudinal Section of a Bean Seed

Diagram C: Cross Section of a Leaf	Diagram D: Small Section of DNA

PART E: SHORT ESSAY ANSWERS AND PROBLEMS ( 46 MARKS)

INSTRUCTIONS: 1) Answer ALL questions on foolscap.

2) Write in FULL SENTENCES on ONE SIDE of the paper only.

3) Double space between EACH question.

4) Number your answers carefully.

(3) 1. A kidney dialysis machine is used to remove unwanted solutes from the blood of patients whose own kidneys are not functioning. By using your knowledge of solutions and diffusion, explain how a kidney dialysis machine removes the unwanted solutes. (Hint: A patient is "hooked up" to the machine so that the blood has to go through the machine before going back into his/her body. There is semi-permeable dialysis tubing inside the machine.)

(2) 2. What is the relationship between CELL DIVISION and the SURFACE AREA:VOLUME RATIO

(3) 4. Using labeled sketches and point form notes, show how synapsis, the formation of tetrads, and the crossing over of chromosomes during Prophase I of Meiosis help to introduce genetic variation. Be sure you explain what these terms mean.

(3) 5. A dog breeder with a line of championship purebred german shepherds has got some dogs which have developed a recessive trait known as hip dysplasia. How should he attempt to ensure that future generations of his dogs do not develop this condition? Explain with the aid of Punnett Squares of sample crosses.

(6) 6. In cattle, red colour is incomplete with white. The heterozygous condition produces roan cows. A dominant gene results in a deep notch in each ear, the un-notched trait is recessive. A certain roan un-notched bull is crossed with a white heterozygous notched cow.

a) Construct a Punnett Square to show the above cross

b) What is the probability of producing a white, notched calf?

c) What is the probability of producing a roan, un-notched calf?

(5) 7. The gene for achondroplastic dwarfism is controlled by the dominant gene (A), where normal stature is recessive (a). A homozygous dominant dwarf gene combination is deadly, the fetus is stillborn. The gene for colour blindness is sex-linked. If a normal vision dwarf female whose father was colour blind marries a man who is normal for both traits, what is the probability of having a son who is colour blind and dwarf? Show a full solution to the problem.

(4) 8. Compare the arrangement of the vascular tissues in herbaceous monocot and dicot stems. Use simple labeled sketches and a short paragraph to note similarities and differences in tissue location and composition.

(6) 9. The stomate opening is regulated by two guard cells. It remains closed when the certain conditions exist:

a) Name four (4) of these conditions

b) Choose two (2) of the conditions that limit the ability of the stomate to open and explain why this occurs. Be sure to include the specific mechanisms involved.

(2) 10. Explain how active transport plays a role in the transport of carbohydrates from the

leaves to the rest of the plant.

(7) 11. Examine the diagram below of a plant cell.

i) The cytoplasm acts as a selectively permeable membrane.

ii) The vacuole contains cell sap which contains substances dissolved in water.

iii) Water can flow by osmosis from the vacuole of one cell to the vacuole an adjacent cell.

iv) The size of the vacuole will vary with the movement of water into and out of the cell.

The table shows the solute concentration, of the cell sap in the vacuoles of four cells.

Cell	Cell sap concentration
A B C D	0.25M 0.30M 0.10M 0.15M

Using the table, complete the following questions.

a) If the following cells are placed next to each other, state the direction in which there is an

overall flow of water. (2)

i) cells A and B

ii) cells C and D

iii) cells A and D

iv) cells b and C

b) In which of the cells will the vacuole appear to be largest? (1)

c) Between which two cells, if placed together, is there the greatest flow of water by osmosis?

(1)

d) What would happen to the size of the vacuole in cell A when placed next to cell C?

Explain your answer. (2)

e) Which cell has the capacity to take in the greatest amount of water? (1)

PART F: SIGHT PASSAGE ( 7 Marks)

Read the following article and answer the questions that follow it.

BRIGHT MEN MAY OWE MOM FOR THEIR INTELLIGENCE

Smart men may be bright because of genes they inherit from their mothers, writes Australian geneticist Gillian Turner in this week's issue of The Lancet. Turner says a growing body of evidence indicates that several genes which determine intelligence appear to be located on the X chromosome, the chromosome men inherit from their mothers. "These genes are distributed along the whole length of the X chromosome and, presumably, code for various anatomical or functional parts of the neural substratum of intelligence," Turner says. Because these genes are on the X chromosome, a single mutation will have more effect on a man than a woman. This is because a woman inherits two X chromosomes, one from her father and one from her mother. Therefore, if she inherits a mutant gene on an X chromosome from one parent, there is a good chance she will inherit a normal gene on the X chromosome from the other parent, which will dilute the mutant's impact. A man on the other hand has only one X chromosome, inherited from his mother. It is paired with the much smaller Y chromosome from his father. Because the Y chromosome is so small it does not have a gene to match every gene found on the X chromosome. Therefore, in a man, a mutant gene on the X chromosome is likely to be the only such gene and, unopposed, will have its full effect. As a result, deleterious mutations in "intelligence genes" on an X chromosome will tend to have more effect in a man than in a woman, explaining why men suffer mental retardation more often. If, however, a mutation is one that increases intelligence, then its full effect will be seen in men, while in women the benefit would be less pronounced. This may explain why some men are extraordinarily intelligent, Turner says. So if a man wants to have smart sons, Turner concludes, his best bet is to marry a smart woman, for it appears it is her X chromosome's genes that will determine how bright the boys will be.

(1) 1. Where are the genes which determine intelligence located?

(4) 2. "Men suffer mental retardation more often than women" and "Some men are extraordinarily intelligent" are 2 statements that are made in the above passage. Fully explain how this can occur.

(2) 3. If a man wants smart sons who should he marry? Is the same true if he wants smart daughters? Explain why or why not.

Name ________________________________

PART A:MULTIPLE CHOICE ANSWER SHEET

Place an X over the best answer for each question

1. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)	14. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
2. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)	15. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
3. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)	16. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
4. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)	17. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
5. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)	18. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
6. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)	19. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
7. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)	20. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
8. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)	21. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
9. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)	22. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
10. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)	23. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
12. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)	24. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
13. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)	25. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
14. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

PART B: COMPLETION

1. ____________________________ 5. ____________________________

2. ____________________________ 6. ____________________________

3. ____________________________ 7. ____________________________

4. ____________________________ 8. ____________________________

PART C: MATCHING

1. _____ 6. _____ 11. _____ 16. _____

2. _____ 7. _____ 12. _____ 17. _____

3. _____ 8. _____ 13. _____ 18. _____

4. _____ 9. _____ 14. _____ 19. _____

5. _____ 10. _____ 15. _____ 20. _____

PART D: DIAGRAMS

1. ____________________________ 11.____________________________

2. ____________________________ 12. ____________________________

3. ____________________________ 13. ____________________________

4. ____________________________ 14. ____________________________

5. ____________________________ 15. ____________________________

6. ____________________________ 16. ____________________________

7. ____________________________ 17. ____________________________

8. ____________________________ 18. ____________________________

9. ____________________________ 19. ____________________________

10. ____________________________ 20. ____________________________

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